History

Galileo’s modern compromise: Letting science work *with* religion

In his open letter to the Grand Duchess Christina (1615), Galileo offered a defense of science against the prevailing heavy hand of religious orthodoxy: “But I do not feel obliged to believe that that same God who has endowed us with senses, reason, and intellect has intended to forgo their use and by some other

Galileo’s modern compromise: Letting science work *with* religion Read More »

Why did Portugal become a great exploring nation?

Reprising these reflections from reading Eric Axelson’s Congo to Cape: Early Portuguese Explorers. Always an interesting question to ask how great ventures begin: Why did they start when and where they did? Why were they initiated by those individuals or groups and not others? The circumnavigation of Africa was a great achievement over many decades.

Why did Portugal become a great exploring nation? Read More »

Do we need political compulsion for education? E. G. West on education and the Industrial Revolution

Reprising this from when I read E. G. West’s fascinating Education and the Industrial Revolution, which is a powerful argument for the conclusion that … well, let’s first look at some data. Here’s a table comparing school enrollments in various parts of the world with enrollments in England and Wales a century earlier. The table

Do we need political compulsion for education? E. G. West on education and the Industrial Revolution Read More »