Philosophy

More than half the world is middle class or higher now

“Something of enormous global significance is happening almost without notice. For the first time since agriculture-based civilization began 10,000 years ago, the majority of humankind is no longer poor or vulnerable to falling into poverty. By our calculations, as of this month, just over 50 percent of the world’s population, or some 3.8 billion people,

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The servile state — Belloc’s 1913 prediction

One hundred years ago, Hilaire Belloc published The Servile State, with this provocative claim about his mixed intellectual world: “the effect of Socialist doctrine on Capitalist society is to produce a third thing different from either of its two begetters — to wit, the Servile State.” The nineteenth century was largely capitalist in theory and

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Rock band Boston’s music: on the integration of science, engineering, and art

A common trope is that art and science are opposed to each other. That, despite the long list of artistic innovators—from Leonardo, Michelangelo, Monet, and others—who self-consciously applied science and the fruits of technical engineering to make their independent visions real. Leonardo and mathematics, Michelangelo and anatomy, Monet and the chemical industry’s new pigments, and

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Why did the editor of *British Journal of Aesthetics* say Kant is key to Modernist Art?

Kant is “rightly regarded as the founder of modern aesthetics.” That is Harold Osborne, longtime editor of the scholarly British Journal of Aesthetics. Osborne further claims that Kant’s “theory is the most important anticipation of the modern aesthetic outlook in any philosopher before the twentieth century”. While it’s initially shocking to think that the priggish and

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