Stephen Hicks, Ph.D.

Philosopher

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The best logical fallacy — a competition

(A list received via email, originally credited to Brian McGroarty.)

Ad Hominem: This is the best logical fallacy, and if you disagree with me, well, you suck.one-equals-two

Appeal to False Authority: Your logical fallacies aren’t logical fallacies at all because Einstein said so. Einstein also said that this one is better.

Appeal to Emotion: See, my mom, she had to work three jobs on account of my dad leaving and refusing to support us, and me with my elephantitis and all, all our money went to doctor’s bills so I never was able to get proper schooling. So really, if you look deep down inside yourself, you’ll see that my fallacy here is the best.

Appeal to Fear: If you don’t accept Appeal to Fear as the greatest fallacy, then THE TERRORISTS WILL HAVE WON. Do you want that on your conscience, that THE TERRORISTS WILL HAVE WON because you were a pansy who didn’t really think that Appeal to Fear was worth voting for, and you wanted to vote for something else? Of course not, and neither would the people you let die because THE TERRORISTS WILL HAVE WON.

Appeal to Force: If you don’t agree that Appeal to Force is the greatest logical fallacy, I will kick your ass.

Appeal to Majority: Most people think that this fallacy is the best, so clearly it is.

Appeal to Novelty: The Appeal to Novelty’s a new fallacy, and it blows all your crappy old fallacies out the water! All the cool kids are using it: it’s OBVIOUSLY the best.

Appeal to Numbers: Millions think that this fallacy is the best, so clearly it is.

Appeal to Tradition: We’ve used Appeal to Tradition for centuries: how can it possibly be wrong?

Argumentum Ad Nauseam:
Argumentum ad nauseam is the best logical fallacy.
Argumentum ad nauseam is the best logical fallacy.
Argumentum ad nauseam is the best logical fallacy.
Argumentum ad nauseam is the best logical fallacy.
Argumentum ad nauseam is the best logical fallacy.
Argumentum ad nauseam is the best logical fallacy.
Argumentum ad nauseam is the best logical fallacy.logical-fallacies-cube

Begging The Question:
Circular reasoning is the best fallacy and is capable of proving anything.
Since it can prove anything, it can obviously prove the above statement.
Since it can prove the first statement, it must be true.
Therefore, circular reasoning is the best fallacy and is capable of proving anything.

Burden Of Proof: Can you prove that Burden of Proof isn’t the best logical fallacy?

Complex Question: Have you stopped beating your wife and saying Complex Question isn’t the best fallacy?

False Dilemma: I’ve found that either you think False Dilemma is the best fallacy, or you’re a terrorist.

False Premise: All of the other fallacies are decent, but clearly not the best as they didn’t come from my incredibly large and sexy brain.

Gambler’s Fallacy: In all the previous talks about this subject, Gambler’s Fallacy lost, so I just know the Gambler’s Fallacy is going to win this time!

Guilt by Association: You know who else preferred those other logical fallacies? *(insert pictures of Hitler, Stalin, and Pol Pot here)*

Non Sequitur: Non Sequitur is the best fallacy because none of my meals so far today have involved asparagus.

Post Hoc/False Cause: Since I’ve started presuming that correlation equals causation, violent crime has gone down 54%.

Red Herring: They say that to prove your fallacy is the best requires extraordinary evidence, because it’s an extraordinary claim. Well, I’d like to note that “Extraordinary claims demand extraordinary evidence” is itself an extraordinary claim.slippery-slope

Relativism: Well maybe all those other fallacies are the best for you, but to me, the relativist fallacy is the greatest logical fallacy ever.

Slippery Slope: If you don’t like Slippery Slope arguments, you will do poorly in class, drop out of school, commit crimes, go to prison, and die of AIDS.

Special Pleading: I know that everyone is posting about their favorite fallacies, but Special Pleading is out-and-out the best, so it should just win with no contest.

[More entrants here.]

Posted 2 months, 1 week ago at 2:58 pm.

5 comments

Romantic advice to women — Nietzsche version

Nietzsche comments wryly on contemporary religious morality:

don-juan-demarco“One believes one must disapprove of Cesare Borgia; that is simply laughable. The church has excommunicated German emperors on account of their vices: as if a monk or priest had any right to join in a discussion about what a Frederick II may demand of himself. A Don Juan is sent to hell: that is very naive. Has it been noticed that in heaven all interesting men are missing? — Just a hint to the girls as to where they can best find their salvation.”

Source: The Will to Power, Section 871.

Posted 2 months, 3 weeks ago at 4:29 pm.

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Contemptible European Philosophy — exam questions

[Humor alert: When I last taught Contemporary European Philosophy, I offered this alternative final exam.]

Contemptible European Philosophy

Dr. Shicks
Alternative (Reality) Exam

jean-paul-sartre1. Identify the correct choice. Jean-Paul Sartre was a(n):
a) Existentialist.
b) Essentialist.
c) Excellent way to put yourself to sleep.
d) Guy who knew how to have his way with the ladies.

2. Why does the universe exist?” is logically equivalent to:
a) “Why doesn’t the universe not exist?”
b) Itself.
c) Asking for a one-way ticket to the mental ward.
d) All of the above. foucault-m

3. Michel Foucault wrote a book.
a) True.
b) False.
c) The statement must be deconstructed to reveal its hidden power agenda.

4. Suppose during the exam that you look deeply into the soul of the person next to you and find the meaning of life. This would be:
a) Proof that you have mastered the metaphysics portion of the course.
b) Cheating, and therefore a violation of the college’s Honor Code.

5. The number of angels that can dance on the head of a pin is:
dancing-angelsa) Infinite, since angels are non-physical beings and therefore not bound by physical limitations.
b) Zero, since angels are non-physical and dancing is by definition a physical activity.
c) Zero, since dancing is a lewd activity that morally pure angels would never engage in.
d) A statement that is in principle unverifiable and therefore meaningless.

6. The greatest philosopher of the 20th century was:
a) That beret-wearing guy.
b) Scooby Doo.
c) Oprah Winfrey.
d) Greatness is over-rated.

Bonus Question

7. Show your work.

[Disclaimer for a litigious age: This is not the real exam. This is an exercise in humor. If necessary, please look up “humor” in the dictionary.]

Posted 4 months ago at 10:19 am.

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Some philosophies, indeed

being-nothingness

Posted 4 months ago at 11:18 am.

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Fun “Christmath” song

Revising “The Twelve Days of Christmas” for your inner math geek. Vi Hart’s clever Gaussian “Christmath” song doodle:

Posted 5 months ago at 12:47 pm.

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A Student History of Philosophy (updated December 2012)

A Brief History of Philosophy

know-thyself-235x100

Humor alert: Being a compilation of student research collected over the years, gently edited by Stephen Hicks, Rockford College (updated: December 2012).

Is philosophy a waist of time?

Ethical debates have been around for a long time, but nobody seems to have any answers. Ethnics are very important. Basically, what you do with your life comes down to your personal ethnics. For the world to be good means having strong Altruistic people to help the society survive in this doggy dog world.

socrates-lysippus-100x121Socrates started democracy in Greece so he is a democrat. When Socrates was in court he was blamed for piety and disturbing the youth. Melekus is the accuser in the case of Socrates. Another charge brought up against him was pity. Socrates argues that the son is not a god but simply a burning rock in the sky. So Socrates was convicted and sentenced to life in prison.

To Socrates, having a good life meant dying. Socrates was completely opposed to the Sophists. Not only did the Sophists not have reasons, they also did not have reasons. Sophists felt that there were no real reasons.aristotle-bust-100

For Aristotle, the virtuous person can be known as temperature, someone who is under complete control. Aristotle thinks the Principle of Noncontradiction is an axiom is because it is one.

God is known for many things. We are all born with God’s word written on our sole. Yet the existence of God is questionable since evil does have some good points to make. god-100The greatest gift is to be in God’s presents, but when we are in God’s presents we should not think about ourselves. John Hick rebukes the concept that God would not allow suffering if he existed in the third paragraph of his essay. Because of evil there is said to be another force in the universe — a dark force. His name is Satin.

In the Bible, God created the heavens and the universe in seven days, so there are seven planets. (Seven is a big thing in the Bible.) The Bible has many commandments such as thou shalt not murder and honor thy mother and father.

Mysticism is the direct and immediate experience of the scared.

knight-armor-100Under feudalism, a few at the top benefitted from power and everyone else was a pheasant. The aristocrats were trained for war and succeeded through their marital skills: swordsmanship, strategy, and self-defense. In feudal times, jobs were passed on from fathers to sons. For example, if your father was a priest, you would probably become a priest too.

Priests vow poverty and while money isn’t everything a priest should be able to have a little of life’s enjoyments just like every other human bean. Priests also take the vow of celibacy. On the conventional view, sex without the possibility of recreation is immoral. monktonsure-100Priests want to sustain themselves from sex so they can have eternal childhood in the Lord’s eyes. One thing religions teach is that you should prey regularly.

The book Mere Christianity, by C.S. Lewis, is a novel about Christian vice, such as pride, gluttony, and forgiveness. Lewis defends the Christian heresy that we invented God and the universe in our own image. This is why you are insignificant to God. He also has strange views on Christian marriage about why the man is the head of the household. Even in marriage, gluttony is never right, especially if indulging in sex.

Does man need religion? Yes, and we need religion a heck of a lot more than it needs us. Though some people base their life solely on religion, which may be perceived as silly, but imagine how lost they would be if they didn’t have something so vital. That would be like me going without coffee.

In Renaissance Florence humans were studied, so philosophy was called Humanism. Aristotle opened a university there he called “The School of Athens.” Around Italy it was also called the “Academy,” and it allowed liberal students to get an education.

descartesr-100In modern times Decarrt explains why reason is wrong. My senses sometimes deceive me from far away, so how can you believe your senses when that happens? He shows that I am a real thing but what kinda of thing? Descartes proved that God exists in Medication III. The argument is sound, me being from the South and a firm believer in the Lord.

galileo-galilei-100Galileo was on trial for his blasphemic saying the Earth is the center of the universe. In Galileo’s time no one could push science forward without the Church killing them. With his huge telescope, Galileo noticed that the earth moved. Galileo had people follow his exact word, and those people were called the people of Galilee. This was a smart play toward the Church by Galileo. Galileo also worked with gravity, which is what causes the cause and effect effect.

Basically, we need to decide what’s best for society as a hole. That is the purpose of laws. Some states have laws that if broken cause one to be a criminal. Power definitely corrupts; both power and corruption are all too often abused.

justice-100Justice is really a double bladed sword: at times it is a warm blanket keeping you safe and at other times an uncontrollable juggernaut ready to mow you over.

In our country, the Deceleration of Independence sets the basic rights and laws. Some people have the right to liberty, but are unable to exorcize it. Shall I go against the laws put forth by my four fathers, who wrote, “All men are entitled to certain unalienable rights”?

constitution-100Capital punishment is the death penalty for a crime that dates back to the beginning of civilization. Some people believe in capital punishment because of the “eye for an eye” theory: for instance, if you kill me, I should be able to kill you. Capital punishment is mostly about whether persons who have been executed will commit further offenses if and when released. Cruel and unusual punishment is included in the Constitution. But Capital Punishment violates the Eighth Amendment because it makes people feel like they are less of a person.

But really, the death penalty is not necessary because it is not needed.

milljs-100In modern times, Utilitarianism is the doctrine that we should all strive to pleasure our neighbors. John Stuart Mill said that even if what is being said is true, it is still wrong to censor it. Of course, we cannot take it for granite that all of Mill’s assumptions are true.

freud-cigar-100x132According to Freud, the USA became a frightened country after the terrible events of 9/11. Freud opposes the tabula razor theory of human nature. According to Freud, the child has lust during the breast-feeding stage. Eventually his mother stops, and his lust is suppressed until his adultery stage. Freud had issues.

marxkarl-100Marx says the broughers who employ the workers can and do enslave the proliterate workers. So Marx promoted socialism, which operates the production of products produced by the society. Marx believed socialism was the best form of government for the world after World War II. Communist Russia failed because of Mises and Hayek’s lack of knowledge. Socialism is an ideal, but come on now! Let’s be realistic!

randayn-100Ayn Rand, in his book about art, argues that romantic people have feelings. Rand feels that if we let go of logic and reason we can understand what art really is. Perhaps Rand is the new Kant. Against Marx, Rand advocates free enterprise and self interest. The rich are able to create new jobs and hand them out to the poor, which takes many poor people out of poverty and also gives the rich something to do. She said that minimum wage increases raise the cost of labor, so workers may lose their fridge benefits. But her philosophy is sort of controversial, in a sense. She commits the fallacy of hoc poc der doc.

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Posted 5 months, 1 week ago at 6:20 pm.

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Philosophy’s longest sentences — Bentham edition

blah-blahPhilosophers are noted for their stylish prose as well as their profound insights. Or, to put that point in another, perhaps more felicitous, formulation, they are justly celebrated for their abilities in the words-putting-togetherness department.

Earlier I presented some 100-plus word monster sentences from philosophers —
Mill, Kant, Aristotle, Locke.

But now, via Stuart Hayashi, here is a new entrant: a 164-word punisher from Jeremy Bentham:

“But partial as the effects of this remedy have been — partial as the effects of this, together with the other causes of debility in the form of government, have been in their character of a remedy against misgovernment, — to such a degree has the whole form of government,jeremy_bentham_auto-icon taken together, been repugnant to the only legitimate end of government, the greatest happiness of the greatest number, that notwithstanding the partial evils produced by, and proportioned to, the general weakness in the form of government, such is its nature, that by every fresh degree of weakness introduced into it, the interest of the greatest number is served in a greater degree than it is disserved; and supposing the weakness to end in utter dissolution, the utmost quantity of evil attendant on such dissolution would not be nearly equivalent to the quantity of good, which its certain consequence, a real constitution, having for its end in view the greatest happiness of the greatest number, would produce.”

That sentence alone makes a great contribution to our overall happiness.

Sources: Jeremy Bentham, “Jury Trial,” Chapter 23 of The Works of Jeremy Bentham, vol. 2 [1843]. (Credit to Stuart Hayashi for finding and noting it.)
The Bentham image is of his auto-icon at the University of London, discussed here.

Posted 5 months, 1 week ago at 8:19 am.

4 comments

Je suis Henri

Ennui and emptiness. Meet Henri, le chat existentialiste. Subtitled.

More Henri here. Thanks to K.M. for the links.

Posted 6 months, 2 weeks ago at 9:15 pm.

1 comment